ASILO Y POLÍTICAS DE PAÍS SEGURO EN EUROPA: LECCIONES PARA EL DEBATE SOBRE LA DESIGNACIÓN DE MÉXICO Y GUATEMALA COMO TERCEROS PAÍSES SEGUROS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35588/rhsm.v24i1.4029Palabras clave:
Políticas de país seguro, tercer país seguro, México, GuatemalaResumen
El siguiente artículo describe y analiza el desarrollo conceptual e histórico de las políticas de país seguro en Europa desde la década de 1980 en adelante. El artículo explora los principales problemas asociados a la creación y uso de políticas de país seguro como instrumentos para desestimar solicitudes de asilo. Aunque los países europeos trataron de racionalizar los procedimientos de asilo designando a más países como seguros, estos esfuerzos han fracasado porque la ejecución y coordinación de las políticas de país seguro son complejas y demorosas. A partir de la experiencia europea, el artículo concluye que el objetivo estadounidense de etiquetar a México y Guatemala como terceros países seguros difícilmente descongestionará su sistema de asilo por dificultades prácticas que Europa ha exhibido hace años.
Descargas
Referencias
Armstrong, Caroline. The limits of communitarisation and the legacy of intergovernmentalism: EU asylum governance and the evolution of the Dublin system. PhD Thesis, 2016, etheses.lse.ac.uk/3417/
Bräuninger, Dieter. “Reform of the Common European Asylum System: a difficult undertaking”. Deutsches Bank Research, Working Paper, 2018, pp. 1-12, ISSN (Online): 1612-0280.
Byrne, Rosemary & Andrew Shacknove. “The Safe Country Notion in European Asylum Law”. Harvard Human Rights Journal, vol. 7, 1996, pp. 185-228.
Chimni, B. “Aid, Relief, and Containment: The First Asylum Country and Beyond”. International Migration, vol. 40, no. 5, 2002, pp. 76-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2435.00212
Consejo Europeo. “Reforma de las normas de la UE en materia de asilo”. www.consilium.europa.eu/es/policies/ceas-reform/
Crowhurst, Felipe. The politics of safe country designations in Europe: an analysis of how Albania and Kosovo became considered Safe Countries of Origin (SCO) in Belgium, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Master Thesis, University of Amsterdam, Graduate School of Social Sciences (GSSS), 2017.
Doomernik, Jeroen and María Bruquetas-Callejo. “National Immigration and Integration Policies in Europe Since 1973”. En Garcés-Mascareñas, B. y Penninx, R. (eds), Integration Processes and Policies in Europe Contexts, Levels and Actors, 2016, Ch.4, pp. 57-66. Editorial Springer Open. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21674-4_4
DW. “Kosovo and Montenegro favor >>safe country of origin<< status”. 04 de agosto de 2015, www.dw.com/en/kosovo-and-montenegro-favor-safe-country-of-origin-status/a-18626363
EASO. EASO Annual Activity Report - Part I. 2012, publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/6d92e264-c500-4e40-ae34-4eb18bfadfe6
ECRE. “Safe countries of origin”: A safe concept? Septiembre 2015, www.ecre.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/AIDA-Third-Legal-Briefing_Safe-Country-of-Origin.pdf
---. “Admissibility, responsibility and safety in European asylum procedures”. Agosto de 2016, www.asylumineurope.org/sites/default/files/shadowreports/admissibility_responsibility_and_safety_in_european_asylum_procedures.pdf
ELENA. The application of the safe country of origin concept in Europe. ECRE, 2005.
EMN. Ad-Hoc Query on the concept of safe country of origin in relation to Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia (FYROM), Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Marzo de 2015, www.emn.fi/files/1170/OPEN_Compilation_FI_EMN_Ad-Hoc_Query_safe_country_of_origin_050215.pdf
Engelmann, Claudia. “Convergence against the Odds: The Development of Safe Country of Origin Policies in EU Member”. European Journal of Migration and Law, vol. 16, pp. 277-302. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718166-12342056
---. Common Standards via the Backdoor: The Domestic Impact of Asylum Policy Coordination in the European Union. PhD Thesis, Marzo de 2015, cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/portal/files/1265336/guid-d021fe5c-7c40-4ecf ab26058a418bb07b-ASSET1.0
European Union. UNHCR's Position on a Harmonized Approach to Questions Concerning Host Third Countries. Diciembre de 1992, www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b31d47.html
---. UNHCR's Position on Manifestly Unfounded Applications for Asylum. 30 de noviembre de 1992, www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b31d83.html
---. Conclusions on Countries in Which There is Generally No Serious Risk of Persecution ("London Resolution"). 30 de noviembre de 1992, www.refworld.org/docid/3f86c6ee4.html
Fratzke, Susan. “International Experience Suggests Safe Third-Country Agreement Would Not Solve the U.S.-Mexico Border Crisis”. Migration Policy Institute, junio de 2019, www.migrationpolicy.org/news/safe-third-country-agreement-would-not-solve-us-mexico-border-crisis
Gil-Bazo, María Teresa. “The Safe Third Country Concept in International Agreements on Refugee Protection”. Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, vol. 31, no. 1, 2015, pp. 42-77. https://doi.org/10.1177/016934411503300104
Goodwin-Gill, G. S. “Safe country? Says who?” International Journal of Refugee Law, vol. 4, no. 2, 1992, pp. 248-250. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/4.2.248
Hailbronner, Kay. “The concept of safe country and expeditious asylum procedures: A Western European perspective”. International Journal of Refugee Law, vol. 5, no. 1, 1993, pp. 31-65. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/5.1.31
Harvey, Colin. “Time for reform? Refugees, asylum-seekers, and protection under international human rights law”. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 2014, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 43-60. https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdu018
Hunt, Michael. The Safe Country of Origin Concept in European Asylum Law: Past, Present and Future. International Journal of Refugee Law, vol. 26, no. 4, 2014, pp. 500-535. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eeu052
Kjaerum, Morten. “The Concept of Country of First Asylum”. International Journal of Refugee Law, vol. 4, 1992, pp. 514-530. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/4.4.514
Martenson, H., & J. McCarthy. “‘In General, No Serious Risk of Persecution’: Safe Country of Origin Practices in Nine European States”. Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 11, no. 3, 1998, pp. 304-325. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/11.3.304
Oakley, S. Accelerated Procedures for Asylum in the European Union. Abril de 2017, University of Sussex - Sussex Centre for Migration Research.
Reneman, Marcelle. “Speedy Asylum Procedures in the EU: Striking a Fair Balance Between the Need to Process Asylum Cases Efficiently and the Asylum Applicant’s EU Right to an Effective Remedy”. International Journal of Refugee Law, vol. 25, no. 4, 2013, pp. 717-748. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eet055
Roman, Emanuela et al. “Why Turkey is not a Safe Country?”. Statewatch Analysis, febrero de 2016, www.statewatch.org/analyses/no-283-why-turkey-is-nota-safe-country.pdf
Shearm Michael and Zolan Kanno-Youngs. “Most Migrants at Border with Mexico Would Be Denied Asylum Protections Under New Trump Rule”. The New York Times, 15 de julio de 2019, www.nytimes.com/2019/07/15/us/politics/trump-asylum-rule.html
Thielemann, Eiko. “Does Policy Matter? On Governments' Attempts to Control Unwanted Migration”. ISSS Discussion Paper, no. 9, November 2003, pp. 2-36. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.495631
---. “How Effective are National and EU Policies in the Area of Forced Migration?”. Refugee Survey Quarterly, vol. 31, no. 4, 2012, pp. 21-37. https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hds017
Trauner, Florian. “Asylum policy: the EU’s ‘crises’ and the looming policy regime failure”. Journal of European Integration, vol. 38, no. 3, 2016, pp. 311-325, doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2016.1140756
UNHCR. Note on Asylum. Agosto de 1979, www.unhcr.org/excom/scip/3ae68cd44/note-asylum.html
---. Problem of Refugees and Asylum-Seekers Who Move in an Irregular Manner from a Country in Which They Had Already Found Protection. Octubre de 1989, www.unhcr.org/excom/exconc/3ae68c4380/problem-refugees-asylumseekers-move-irregular-manner-country-already-found.html
---. Background Note on the Safe Country Concept and Refugee Status Background. 1991, www.unhcr.org/afr/excom/scip/3ae68ccec/background-note-safe-country-conceptrefugee-status.html
Van Mol, Christof and Helga de Valk. “Migration and Immigrants in Europe: A Historical and Demographic Perspective”. En Garcés-Mascareñas, B. y Penninx, R. (eds), Integration Processes and Policies in Europe Contexts, Levels and Actors, Ch. 3, pp. 31-56. Editorial Springer Open. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21674-4_3
Descargas
Publicado
Versiones
- 2024-05-27 (2)
- 2020-08-31 (1)
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2020 Revista de Historia Social y de las Mentalidades
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
