Processos etnodemográficos e de urbanização em Cazaquistão (1970-2020)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35588/6hngqr67Palavras-chave:
população, migração, etnia titular, etnia europeia, etnia asiáticaResumo
A situação etnodemográfica de Cazaquistão tem mudado drasticamente nos últimos cinquenta anos. Esses câmbios determinam as tendências dos futuros processos etnodemográficos e de urbanização em Cazaquistão, e por isso sua investigação é de indudável relevância. O objetivo desta investigação é explorar os câmbios na composição nacional da população de Cazaquistão e a proporção de população urbana e rural no periodo compreendido entre 1970 e 2020. A investigação conclui que, até 1989, os cazaques eram o segundo povo mais povoado, por atrás dos russos na primeira posição. Os processos de urbanização estancaram-se nos primeiros anos de la indepêndencia de Cazaquistão, mas voltaram a se reativar na década de 2010, quando a população urbana aumentou novamente. O êxodo dos grupos étnicos europeus de Cazaquistão a suas terras históricas nos primeiros anos da independência e o estímulo estatal à repatriação dos cazaques étnicos foram algumas das principais razões do câmbio na composição étnica de Cazaquistão nos anos 1990-2010.
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