Four minutes to save bubblegum pop: Liturgy of bubble gum and the Ten Commandments of political enjoyment

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35588/nwtdrp43

Keywords:

Bubblegum Pop, queer theory, politics of pleasure, performativity, camp aesthetics

Abstract

This article advocates for Bubblegum Pop as an epistemic-political stance, not just as a musical genre. In opposition to academic perspectives that dismiss the superficial, it reclaims pop pleasure as a feminist and queer tool of resistance. From an interdisciplinary perspective—feminist theory, affect studies, and queer approaches—it proposes a manifesto of ten commandments for a sticky politics of pleasure. The practices of Madonna, Britney Spears, Spice Girls, and Lady Gaga are analyzed, as they have used superficiality and aesthetic excess to challenge norms of gender, sexuality, and cultural hierarchies. Bubblegum Pop is presented as a utopian and affective space for the affirmation of marginalized subjectivities. With a performative methodology based on irony, exaggeration, and affectivity, the boundaries between the trivial and the serious are questioned. It is argued that its apparent lightness can operate as a political and revolutionary strategy.

References

Literatura académica

Adorno, T. W. & Horkheimer, M. (1944). Dialectic of enlightenment. Herder & Herder.

Ahmed, S. (2010). The promise of happiness. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822392781

Ahmed, S. (2017). Living a feminist life. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822373377

Berlant, L. (2011). Cruel optimism. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822394716

Berlant, L. & Warner, M. (1998). Sex in public. Critical Inquiry, 24(2), 547–566. https://doi.org/10.1086/448884

Braidotti, R. (2013). The posthuman. Polity Press.

Bryant, A. & Gadir, T. (2025). Camp, queer aesthetics and popular music. Routledge.

Brown, A. M. (2019). Pleasure activism: The politics of feeling good. AK Press.

Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203902752

Dyer, R. (1995). In defense of disco. In C. K. Creekmur & A. Doty (Eds.), Out in culture: Gay, lesbian, and queer essays on popular culture (pp. 407–415). Duke University Press.

Gill, R. (2007). Postfeminist media culture: Elements of a sensibility. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 10(2), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549407075898

Greeley, A. M. (1989). Madonna’s challenge to her church. America, 160(18), 447–449.

Halberstam, J. (2011). The queer art of failure. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822394358

Halberstam, J. (2012). Gaga feminism: Sex, gender, and the end of normal. Beacon Press.

Haraway, D. (1991). Simians, cyborgs, and women: The reinvention of nature. Routledge.

Lorde, A. (1984). Sister outsider: Essays and speeches. Crossing Press.

McNicholas Smith, K. (2017). Sexualisation, or the queer feminist provocations of Miley Cyrus. Feminist Theory, 18(3), 281–298. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464700117721880

McRobbie, A. (2009). The aftermath of feminism: Gender, culture and social change. Sage.

Muñoz, J. E. (1999). Disidentifications: Queers of color and the performance of politics. University of Minnesota Press.

Muñoz, J. E. (2009). Cruising utopia: The then and there of queer futurity. New York University Press.

Padan, M. (2024). “Strength and courage in a wonderbra”: Femininity, drag, and the Spice Girls. Sexualities, 27(8), 1324–1338. https://doi.org/10.1177/13634607231152600

Preciado, P. B. (2020). Yo soy el monstruo que os habla: Informe para una academia de psicólogos. Anagrama.

Robertson, P. (1996). Guilty pleasures: Feminist camp from Mae West to Madonna. Duke University Press.

Sedgwick, E. K. (1990). Epistemology of the closet. University of California Press.

Sedgwick, E. K. (1993). Queer performativity: Henry James’s The Art of the Novel. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 1(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-1-1-1

Sontag, S. (1964). Notes on “Camp”. Partisan Review, 31(4), 515–530.

Trerotola, M. (2023). It’s “giving Cher”: Gay identity, diva worship, and music. TCNJ Journal of Student Scholarship, 25, 1–9. https://joss.tcnj.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/176/2023/04/2023-Trerotola-Music.pdf

Warner, M. (2002). Publics and counterpublics. Zone Books.

Prensa, reseñas, ensayo cultural y entrevistas

Agence France-Presse. (2006, November 12). Comeback Kylie gets rapturous welcome. Independent Online.

Campoamor, D. (2021, July 1). Like a virgin: How purity culture harmed Britney Spears & a generation of pop stars. Refinery29. https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2021/07/10536077/purity-culture-britney-spears-pop-stars

Chow, A. R. (2021, March 30). Historians decode the religious symbolism and queer iconography of Lil Nas X’s “Montero” video. Time.

Considine, J. D. (1989, April 6). Like a prayer [Review of the album Like a Prayer, by Madonna]. Rolling Stone. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/like-a-prayer-248995/

Duffy, N. (2014, October 22). Ariana Grande: I quit Catholicism when gay brother was told “God doesn’t love you”. PinkNews.

Farley, R. (2018, July 13). Breaking down Ariana Grande’s “God Is a Woman” music video. Refinery29.

Green, E. (2014, June 6). Thirty years after “Girls Just Want to Have Fun,” Cyndi Lauper reflects on her feisty feminism. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2014/06/thirty-years-after-girls-just-want-to-have-fun-cyndi-lauper-reflects-on-her-feisty-feminism/372049/

Hunt, E. (2017, June 5). Manchester uplifted by Ariana Grande’s colossal empathy. The Guardian.

Simpson, D. (2023, March 28). Why Kylie Minogue is the ultimate queer pop icon. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/mar/28/kylie-minogue-queer-pop-icon

Sweeney, J. M. (2011, August 15). Confessions of a dangerous diva: Lady Gaga’s fascination with Christian imagery. America. https://www.americamagazine.org/issue/504/article/confessions-dangerous-diva

Tyrangiel, J. (2006, August 27). Welcome to my bubble. Time. https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1533425,00.html

Wang, E. (2018, July 13). Ariana Grande’s “God Is a Woman” video is full of religious imagery—and a Madonna voiceover. Glamour. https://www.glamour.com/story/ariana-grande-god-is-a-woman-video-religious-imagery

Corpus pop y audiovisual

gecs. (2019). Money Machine [Music video]. Dog Show Records.

Aguilera, C. (2002). Dirrty [Music video]. RCA Records.

Aguilera, C. (2003, November 6). Dirrty (Live at MTV Europe Music Awards 2003) [Televised performance]. MTV.

Aqua. (1997). Barbie Girl [Music video]. Universal Music Group.

Arca. (2017). Reverie [Music video]. XL Recordings.

Cher. (1996). Interview with Jane Pauley [Television interview]. Dateline (NBC).

Cher. (1998). Believe [Music video]. Warner Bros. Records.

Cyrus, M. (2013, August 25). We Can’t Stop / Blurred Lines (Live at MTV Video Music Awards 2013) [Televised performance]. MTV.

Dorian Electra. (2019). Man to Man [Music video]. Self-released.

Grande, A. (2017, June 4). One Love Manchester [Televised benefit concert]. BBC One.

Grande, A. (2018). God Is a Woman [Music video]. Republic Records.

Grande, A. (2018). God Is a Woman [Song]. Republic Records.

Lady Gaga & Beyoncé. (2010). Telephone [Music video]. Streamline Records; Interscope Records.

Lady Gaga. (2010, September 12). Performance with meat dress at MTV Video Music Awards [Live performance]. MTV.

Lady Gaga. (2011, August 28). Judas (Live at MTV Video Music Awards 2011) [Televised performance]. MTV.

Lil Nas X. (2021). Montero (Call Me By Your Name) [Music video]. Columbia Records.

Livingston, J. (Director). (1990). Paris Is Burning [Documentary film]. Off White Productions.

Madonna. (1985). Material Girl [Music video]. Sire Records.

Minogue, K. (2000, October 1). On a Night Like This & Dancing Queen (Live at Sydney 2000 Olympic Closing Ceremony) [Televised performance]. Seven Network.

Murphy, R., Canals, S., & Falchuk, B. (Creators). (2018–2021). Pose [TV series]. FX Networks.

Perry, K. (2010). California Gurls [Music video]. Capitol Records.

SOPHIE. (2018). Faceshopping [Music video]. Transgressive Records.

Spears, B. (1998). …Baby One More Time [Music video]. Jive Records.

Spears, B. (2001, September 6). I’m a Slave 4 U (Live at MTV Video Music Awards 2001) [Televised performance]. MTV.

Spice Girls. (1996). Wannabe [Music video]. Virgin Records.

The Archies. (1969). Sugar, Sugar [Song]. Calendar Records.

The Monkees. (1966–1968). The Monkees [TV series]. NBC.

Downloads

Submitted

2025-09-27

Published

2025-12-29

How to Cite

Four minutes to save bubblegum pop: Liturgy of bubble gum and the Ten Commandments of political enjoyment. (2025). Palimpsesto, 15(27), 162-178. https://doi.org/10.35588/nwtdrp43