Perfilamiento geográfico de agresores sexuales. Análisis de casos
Palabras clave:
Perfil Geográfico, Análisis Criminal, SIG, Patrón Delictivo, Ataques Sexuales en Serie
Resumen
El perfilamiento geográfico es una técnica de investigación criminal, su principal objetivo es identificar el lugar de residencia o base de operaciones de criminales seriales, permitiendo acotar las zonas de búsqueda de un delincuente, como asimismo priorizar líneas de investigación cuando existen varios sospechosos. El objetivo de esta investigación es mostrar la utilidad que tienen los geoperfiles para investigar delitos seriales, a través del perfilamiento retrospectivo de tres delincuentes detenidos por ataques sexuales seriales en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile, entre los años 2010-2019. Los resultados muestran que el perfilamiento geográfico es una herramienta muy útil para identificar criminales seriales, permitiendo reducir las zonas de búsquedas de sospechosos, y facilitar la identificación de su domicilio o área de operaciones.
Citas
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Salafranca, D., Rodríguez, S. & Mateu, J. (2020). El perfil geográfico: comportamiento y adaptación al medio. International e-journal of criminal sciences, 5(15), 1-27.
Urra, J., (2003). Agresor Sexual. Casos Reales. Riesgo de reincidencia. Madrid Editorial EOS.
Vozmediano, L., San Juan, C., & Espinosa, A. (2006). Estimación del miedo al delito y escenarios de conducta: un estudio en la CAPV y Perú. Medio Ambiente, Bienestar Humano y Responsabilidad Ecológica. Madrid: Editorial Resma.
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Canter, D. (1994). Criminal shadows: Inside the Mind of the Serial Killer. London: Harper Collins.
Andresen, M.A., Frank, R., & Felson, M. (2014). Age and the distance to crime. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 14(3), 314 - 333.
Bernasco, W. (2014). Crime Journeys: Patterns of Offender Mobility. In M. Tonry (Ed.), Oxford Handbooks Online in Criminology and Criminal Justice (Oxford Handbooks Online). Oxford, UK: Oxford University press.
Brantingham, P. & Brantingham, P. (1995). Criminality of place. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 3, 5-26.
Brantingham, P.L. & Brantingham, P.J. (1993). Nodes, paths and edges: considerations on the complexity of crime and the physical environment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 13(1), 3-28.
Cadwallader, M. T. (1976). Cognitive distance in intraurban space. In G. T. Moore & R. G. Golledge, Eds., Environmental Knowing. Stroudsberg, PA: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, pp. 316-324.
Canter, D., & Larkin, P. (1993). The environmental range of serial rapists. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 13(1), 63-69.
Canter, D. & Gregory, A. (1994). Identifying the residential location of rapists. Journal of the Forensic Science Society, 34(3), 169- 175.
Canter, D. (1996). The Environmental Range of Serial Rapists. In: Psychology in Action. Dartmouth Benchmark Series. Hantshire: Dartmouth Publishing Company.
Capone, D. L., & Nichols Jr, W. W. (1976). Urban structure and criminal mobility. American Behavioral Scientist, 20(2), 199-213.
Clarke, R. V. G., & Felson, M. (1993). Routine activity and rational choice (Vol. 5). London: Transaction publishers.
Cohen L. E. & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine Activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44, 588-608.
Cornish, D. B., & Clarke, R. V. (1987). Understanding crime displacement: An application of rational choice theory. Criminology, 25(4), 933-948.
Felson, M., & Clarke, R. V. (1998). Opportunity makes the thief. Police research series, paper, 98, 1-36.
Goodall, B. (1987). The Penguin dictionary of human geography. Harmondsworth, Reino Unido: Penguin.
Levine, N. (2007). Crime travel demand and bank robberies: Using CrimeStat III to model bank robbery trips. Social science computer review, 25(2), 239-258.
Levine, N. (2014). CrimeStat IV: Part I: Program Overview. Ned Levine & Associates, Houston, TX, and the National Institute of Justice, Washington DC.
Levine, N., & Lee, P. (2009). Bayesian journey to crime modelling of juvenile and adult offenders by gender in Manchester. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 6(3), 237-252.
Pumain D. & Saint-Julien T. (2010). Analyse Spatile, Les Interactions. París, Armand Colin.
Rengert, G.F., Piquero, A.R. & Jones, P.R. (1999). Distance decay reexamined. Criminology, 37, 427-446.
Rossmo D.K. & Summers L. (2015). Routine Activity Theory in Crime Investigation. In: Andresem M.A., Farrell G. (eds). London: The Criminal Act. Palgrave Macmillan.
Rossmo, D. K. (2000). Geographic profiling. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Salafranca, D., Rodríguez, S. & Mateu, J. (2020). El perfil geográfico: comportamiento y adaptación al medio. International e-journal of criminal sciences, 5(15), 1-27.
Urra, J., (2003). Agresor Sexual. Casos Reales. Riesgo de reincidencia. Madrid Editorial EOS.
Vozmediano, L., San Juan, C., & Espinosa, A. (2006). Estimación del miedo al delito y escenarios de conducta: un estudio en la CAPV y Perú. Medio Ambiente, Bienestar Humano y Responsabilidad Ecológica. Madrid: Editorial Resma.
Wiles, P., & Costello, A. (2000). The ‘road to nowhere’: the evidence for travelling criminals. Home Office Research Study, 207. Recuperado de http://library.college.police.uk/docs/hors/hors207.pdf
Canter, D. (1994). Criminal shadows: Inside the Mind of the Serial Killer. London: Harper Collins.
